Boyle’s Introduction sheds light on the role of the New Jersey infantry at Valley Forge from December 1777 until June of the following year. For example, we learn that only Spencer’s Regiment, which was part of Conway’s Brigade, was at Valley Forge for the entire encampment. Similarly, Boyle summarizes the movements of the First, Second, Third, and Fourth New Jersey Regiments between their home bases, Valley Forge, and Brandywine, Monmouth, and other points of contact with the British army. Like his earlier Connecticut volume, however, Why Can’t Brave Men Endure? is composed essentially of an alphabetical list of some 2,500 New Jersey soldiers abstracted from Revolutionary War muster and payrolls at the National Archives. Each patriot is identified by name, rank, date and term of enlistment or commission, names of regiment and company, and a variety of supporting details, such as date of furlough or discharge, when wounded, when and where promoted, etc. In support of the abstracts the author has prepared a detailed glossary of terms found in the rosters, an explanatory list of locations referred to in the entries, and a lengthy, up-to-date bibliography on the topic.

Why Can’t Brave Men Endure? is a significant contribution to our understanding of one of the most critical moments in the American past.

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This volume, covering the oldest meetings in North Carolina, is complete in itself for the thirty-three monthly meetings of the Carolinas and Tennessee that were part of the North Carolina Yearly Meeting. The records consist of every item of genealogical value, including births, marriages, deaths and minutes of proceedings, grouped together for each meeting by families, in alphabetical order, and covering the period from 1680 through the early 1930s. The minutes relating to certificates of removal are numerous and of great genealogical interest, as they give evidence either of membership in a previous monthly meeting or membership in a new meeting, thus enabling genealogists to trace Quaker ancestors from one place to another.

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Disinclined to write a history of German immigration to the United States, Gustav Koerner set about to describe and assess the 19th-century contributions–his coverage substantially exceeded 1848–of Germans to American life and society. In this context he considers the role of the German language, social life, religion, organizations like the Pennsylvania German society, German newspapers and booksellers, Germans in politics, the Pittsburgh [German] Convention of 1837, and so forth–especially in the early chapters’ focus on the older Pennsylvania-German community.

For the most part, however–and genealogists are the beneficiaries–the work portrays the German element through the lives of individuals. Accordingly, Koerner offers a wealth of biographical information about people such as Heinrich Bohlen, Johann Georg Rapp, Franz Josef Grund, Ernst Ludwig Kosenitz, Bishop Johann N. Neumann, Franz Martin Drexel, August Belmont, Anton Eickhoff, Magnus Gross, Albert Bierstadt, Philipp Dorschheimer, Dr. Friedrich Heinrich Quitmann, and many others. Even better, researchers will find additional comments concerning Koerner’s subjects and their families and careers in Dr. Tolzmann’s detailed footnotes to the text itself, making this translation an important addition to the literature of 19th-century German-Americans.

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The gazetteer itself, which extends an additional 175 pages, covers every nook and cranny in the state, from small streams, hills, and hamlets to townships, cities, and entire counties. In fact, the alphabetical listing of places is interrupted periodically by statistical tables on New Jersey counties, showing the names of all townships, their length and breadth, area, and change in population from 1810 to 1830. While some of the descriptions are scarcely more than a sentence, and others a page or more, the following sketch of Highstown, New Jersey may serve as a representative one: “Part of East Windsor township, Middlesex co., on the turnpike road from Bordentown to Cranberry and on Rocky brook, 13 miles from Bordentown, 183 from W.C. and 18 from Trenton; contains a Baptist and Presbyterian church, 3 taverns, 2 stores, a grist and saw mill, and from 30 to 40 dwellings. The rail-road from Bordentown to Amboy passes through the town, and a line of stages runs thence to Princeton, etc.”

In all, Gordon’s Gazetteer of the State of New Jersey contains descriptions of upwards of 2,000 places in existence in 1833, any number of which will fail to appear in contemporary maps or gazetteers. If your genealogical research should find you looking in New Jersey prior to the Civil War, this scarce volume could be just the finding aid you’ll need to stay on track.

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